Internet Server Identities

InterNIC,a quasi government body in the U.S.A registers and issues internet servers their unique ip addresses.InterNIC,also authorizes organizations in other countries to issue IP addresses.

Registering A Virtual Domain With InterNIC

? Log out an interNIC server.
? Fill up a registration form online.
? pay the two-year registration fee to interNIC. This registers a virtual domain with interNIC.
Establishing Connectivity On The Internet

                The protocol used to setup communications between a client and server on the internet is TCP/IP. The network can be a heterogeneous mix of any of the following networking technologies ethernet,vsat,fiber optics,infrared,VHF/UHF radio frequencies and so on, TCP/IP will work across all quite transparently.TCP/IP breaks up data into datagrams and guarantees that the data is correctly received at its destination.

Client IP Address
How Client IP Addresses Are Assigned

? Computers that only read information offered,need not necessarily have a permanent IP address.
? When logged into the internet,a client requires a unique IP address.This IP address enables the internet server called to reply accurately.
? The Internet service provider's(ISP'S) server via which the client connects to the Internet,temporarily assigns a unique IP address to the client.
? In India,for a very long time,the only ISP was Videsh Samachar Nigam Limited.(i.e. VSNL). whenever a client logs into the internet via a VSNL server temporarily assigns a unique IP address to the computer that successfully logs in.
 How ISP's Achieve The Task Of Assigning IP Addresses
                    ISP's purchase a block of unique IP Addresses from internationally recognized networking bodies. whenever a client logs into the internet via an ISP's server, one of these unique IP addresses is temporarily assigned to the computer.


Getting A Temporary IP Address
? The Client computer logs into the ISP's server using a dial-up line and a modem.
? After a successful login is accomplished,the ISP's server automatically passes one IP address from the block of IP addresses purchased,to the computer logged in.
? Other computer on the internet that is address can setup communications with it.
 How IP Addressing Came Into Existence
The contents of the Hosts file is as follows:
IP address Domain name
202.100.17.33 Microsoft

Resolving Domain Names
? When any Client wishes to communicate with any internet server using browser software,the Client sends out a broadcast using the server's Domain name as the identifier.
? The ISP's internet server will route this broadcast to an InterNIC Root server
? The ISP's server will now pass this IP address back to the Client's browser
? Web server software running on the Internet server takes care of connecting a Client to the virtual domain as required.

Communicating On The Internet

TCP/IP is the only protocol  used to send data all around the Internet. TCP/IP is really two individual sections,(Tcp) a set of communication protocols and (Ip) a unique address. Every machine connected to the internet must have an address by which it can be located on the internet.This is called the IP address of the machine.

Domain
A unique IP address therefore points to an actual computer connected via a gateway to the internet.This computer is known as a domain i.e.a place where information is available.This is a physical domain on the Internet.

Virtual Domain
           Virtual Domain are identified by a name(e.g. www.microsoft.com). Virtual Domain names need to be unique on the internet.All virtual domain names must be registered with interNIC.

Multiple Virtual Domains hosted on a Single Physical Domains
           A single computer having a permanent IP address and connected to the internet can host multiple virtual domains on its hard disk drive. Host servers offer several additional services such as multiple e-mail boxes,web site creation,web site creation tools and so on.

Internet Domains:
          Each computer that has a permanent IP address,runs server software and offers information to clients,is considered to be a Physical Domain.

The Physical Domain
          All internet servers are connected to the internet via an internet gateway.

Internet Basics

In 1969,as an experimental four-computer network called ARPAnet,which was designed by the U.S Defense Department so that research scientists could communicate.
After a while,commerical organizations began to recognize the use of such a network which converted the whole world into a Global Village and allowed almost instant access to business or commerce data and a host of other services such as E-Mail and E-Commerce.
Internet Service Provider(ISP):The networking giants gave access to the internet via Gateways.
Pipe line:The server's connection to the internet is called its Internet Pipeline. ISP pipeline bandwidths of 2GB to 10GB are quite common.
The Internet consists of two types of computers Servers and Clients..
• Computers which offer information to be read are called Servers
• Computers that read the information offered are called Clients
 Servers run special software (Web Server software) that allows them to
• Respond to Client requests for information.
• Accept data from Clients.